?26? ?? ???? ???(山極 壽一)
?? ????? ????? 2,876? ???, ??? ??????. ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???(井村裕夫) ? ???, ??? ???(長尾真) ? ???, ???? ??, ???, ???, ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ????? ???? ??????. 1900?? ?1? ???? ?? ?? 120?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? 211,548?? ?????.
???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??????? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????
??? ?? ?? ???(本庶佑) ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ?? 12?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? 16? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???, ??? ?? ???? James Allison ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??????.
"The immune system is based on a diversified array of instruments, in the form of various cells and molecules. Each of them has its own special sound and technical requirements to get them to work, a bit like the instruments in the orchestra here today."
"T cells － a kind of white blood cells that act, among other things, as killer cells － use a special instrument called a receptor to identify cancer cells as foreign. By the 1990s, cancer immunology researchers had shown that T cells will then react, but unfortunately in a much too timid way. Let's ask the orchestra to illustrate."
"Beautiful and clear, but alas – so short, slow and weak! Playing "andante and pianissimo" was not enough to eliminate cancer cells. This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine goes to two researchers who discovered how we can release the brakes that hold back the immune system, thereby mobilising it for cancer therapy. Both Laureates are immunologists, but neither was actually a cancer researcher from the beginning. This story therefore illustrates something important: the unexpected benefits of basic research."
"The two therapies have especially strong effects when used together. Let's get a preview by returning to our immune system orchestra. You remember how pathetic it sounded last time. Now let's hear how the same reaction looks when we release the brakes. Maestro?"
"Allegro e Fortissimo! That was a bit different, the way it should sound! By orchestrating the immune system in the right way, it has proved possible to control or eliminate the disease in tens of thousands of patients. Many are still tumour-free after more than five years. This new pillar of cancer therapy is already solid, and the Laureates' discoveries have inspired a whole new field of research. Like the Carmen Overture, it promises an exciting future."
? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ??? ?? '??? ??? ?????'???, ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ?? ???? Allison ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???, ? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ????? ??? ??????. ???? '??????? ?????', ??? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???. ?? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ?????.
?? ??? ?? ???? Allison ???? ?????, ???? ? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ????? ??, ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ?????.
???? ?????? ?? ? ? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ???? EU, ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??, ????? ???? ?? ?, ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???, ?? ??? ??? ??????
??? ?? ??? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ????? iPS??? ES??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??, ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???.
??? ???? ???? ? ?? Society 5.0?? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ICT ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? AI? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ????. ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ?? ??(一極)??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????. ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????.
???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????. ????, ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???. ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????.
??? ??? '??? ???? ??? ?'??? ??? ????? ????? ??, ? '?? ??? ??? ?'??? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ????. ?? ???? ????? 1970?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????. ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ? ?? '?? ??? ??'? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ????. ?? ???? ???????? ??? SDGs(???? ?? ??)? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????.
?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ? ???. ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ????. ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???. ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ????. ??? ???? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???. ? ? ?????? ??? '??? ???? ? ???? ??'? ??? ??? ? ????.
????? '????? ???? ??'? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ????. ?? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ????? ??? ? ????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???. ??? ??? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????. ? ? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????.
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